During the 1960s, a nationwide wave of civil rights rebellions challenged deeply entrenched systems of economic marginalization, political disenfranchisement, social discrimination, and educational deprivation. Black, Chicano, and American Indian communities across the country rose up to demand an end to prejudice, segregation, and systemic oppression.In this video, we examine the structural causes behind the 1965 Watts rebellion—rooted in frustration over severe unemployment and systemic lack of opportunity—and the groundbreaking conclusions of the 1968 Kerner Commission Report, which directly addressed the role of white racism in urban unrest. We also explore the shift toward Black Power following the assassination of Malcolm X, including Stokely Carmichael’s 1966 call for Black communities to elect their own leaders, build independent schools, and reclaim control over their institutions.